WUKAN, China — Two protesters who led a rebellion against officials accused of stealing farmland were elected Saturday to run their fishing village in a much-watched election that reformers hope will promote democracy as a way to settle many of the myriad disputes besetting China.
Thousands of villagers, watched by dozens of journalists, filled in ballots for the seven-member village committee and dropped them into boxes in Wukan in southern China’s Guangdong province.
By the end of the day, the election committee declared Lin Zuluan and Yang Semao the new village head and deputy head. The pair had been instrumental in organizing protests in Wukan last year that flared into violence, with villagers smashing a police station and cars. After key activists were detained in December, villagers drove out officials and barricaded themselves in for 10 days, keeping police out and holding boisterous rallies.
Unlike similar standoffs in China that often end in arrests, the provincial government conceded. It offered to stage new elections, return some of the disputed farmland and release the detained activists, as well as the body of one who died in detention.
In Saturday’s polls, villagers could vote for anyone, though 23 people announced their candidacies.
“We will do the best job we can with the power given by your great support and help,” Lin said after the results were announced.
The fact that many of the activists in Wukan’s revolt ran for membership in the village committee is a precedent. To defuse protests, local governments often make concessions, then arrest ringleaders when tempers have subsided, a practice known as “settling accounts after the harvest.”
Voters said the new leadership should improve local livelihoods. “Because it is good for the development of our village when we can pick a good leader, right?” said Yang Zunpei, who traveled back home from the small business he runs in another part of Guangdong province. “We were suppressed by the former leaders. It was impossible for the village to have a better development. Many corrupt leaders left our village underdeveloped.”
Another ballot was scheduled for today to fill five other committee positions after those candidates failed to receive the necessary majority.
China has allowed villages to hold elections for nearly three decades to select committees to manage finances, land use and other local affairs. In practice, however, the elections have been rife with problems. Elected leaders, backed by popular support, often rival local Communist Party officials. Feeling threatened, party officials have often tried to manipulate the results. The effect over time has been to sap confidence in the village elections.
By those standards, Wukan is conducting what appears to be one of China’s freest polls, and some believe it is blazing a path for others to follow. The vote attracted attention in China’s micro-blog community, with some contrasting it with two tightly scripted political meetings being held in Beijing. Villagers pronounced the poll open and transparent.
“Hopefully local authorities in other places of Guangdong and even other provinces will refer to Wukan as a precedent when they face similar situations,” said Li Lianjiang, an expert on Chinese local elections and protests at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
As in many villages, Wukan’s troubles arose over land. Villagers said the local head, in power for decades, sold their farmland without their consent.
The local vote was hailed by liberal Chinese state media and democratic campaigners as the “Wukan model” — a systematic approach in which the government puts the interests of villagers ahead of maintaining order, often backed by police. Wang Yang, Guangdong’s party secretary who has a reputation as a reformer, said Wukan showed that a balance can be struck between “preserving stability and preserving rights.”
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