U.S. exports rise; deficit falls

WASHINGTON — The U.S. trade deficit unexpectedly narrowed in August as exports posted a small gain, while imports fell on a big drop in demand for foreign oil.

The fourth straight rise in exports may be viewed as an encouraging sign that the global economy is starting to recover from a severe recession that began in the United States and quickly spread to other parts of the world. But many economists expect the deficit to rise in coming months on the back of a rebounding U.S. economy, which will start importing more foreign products

The Commerce Department said Friday that the trade deficit declined 3.5 percent to $30.7 billion, surprising economists who had expected higher oil prices to push the imbalance to $33 billion. Oil prices did shoot up, but the volume of shipments dropped sharply in August.

For August, exports of goods and services edged up 0.2 percent to $28.2 billion, the highest level since December. The strength reflected higher sales of American farm products including soybeans and wheat, and increases in sales of autos and related parts, industrial engines and telecommunications equipment.

The rise in exports is being aided by a weakening dollar, which is down nearly 12 percent against a range of other currencies since the beginning of the year. The dollar is expected to remain under pressure in coming months, due partly to soaring U.S. budget deficits. A weaker dollar boosts exports by making U.S. products cheaper on foreign markets.

Through the first eight months of this year, the trade deficit is running at an annual rate of $357 billion, about half of last year’s $695.9 billion imbalance. That huge decline reflects the recession that sharply dampened demand for imported goods.

Nigel Gault, an economist for IHS Global Insight, said he expected the trade deficit to widen slightly in coming months as an improving U.S. economy pushes up imports faster than exports are helped by the rebound in the global economy.

Even though trade was probably a slight drag on U.S. growth in the July-September quarter, the overall economy, as measured by the gross domestic product, probably expanded at an annual rate of 3.5 percent, he said. That would be a significant improvement after four straight quarters of contraction.

The U.S. deficit with China dipped slightly to $20.2 billion, down 0.9 percent from July. Through August, the deficit with China totals $143.7 billion, down 15.1 percent from last year’s record pace. Even with the small improvement, trade tensions have been rising between the two economic powers with China denouncing a move by the Obama administration last month to impose punitive tariffs on imports of Chinese tires.