WASHINGTON – Samuel Anthony Alito Jr. was sworn in as the nation’s 110th Supreme Court justice on Tuesday after being confirmed by the Senate in one of the most partisan victories in modern history.
Alito was sworn in by Chief Justice John Roberts in a private ceremony at the Supreme Court building across from the Capitol at about 12:40 p.m., EDT, court officials said.
Alito and his wife, Martha-Ann Bomgardner, along with other members of the court and their spouses, attended the ceremony in the justices’ conference room. The 55-year-old New Jersey jurist took both the constitutional and judicial oaths so he can immediately participate in court decisions.
Alito will be ceremonially sworn in a second time at a White House East Room appearance on Wednesday.
The swearing-in came only hours after the Senate voted 58-42 to confirm Alito – a former federal appellate judge, U.S. attorney, and conservative lawyer for the Reagan administration from New Jersey – as the replacement for retiring Justice Sandra Day O’Connor, who has been a moderate swing vote on the court.
All but one of the Senate’s majority Republicans voted for his confirmation, while all but four of the Democrats voted against Alito.
That is the smallest number of senators in the president’s opposing party to support a Supreme Court justice in modern history. Chief Justice John Roberts got 22 Democratic votes last year, and Justice Clarence Thomas – who was confirmed in 1991 on a 52-48 vote – got 11 Democratic votes.
President Bush and Alito watched the vote together in the Roosevelt Room of the White House. Bush shook Alito’s hand and aides erupted in a long round of applause when final approval came.
With the confirmation vote, O’Connor’s resignation became official. She resigned in July but agreed to remain until her successor was confirmed. She was in Arizona this week teaching a class at the University of Arizona law school.
Underscoring the historic significance of the vote, senators answered the roll by standing one by one at their desks as their names were called instead of voting and leaving the chamber, as is typically the case. Alito and Roberts are the first two new members of the Supreme Court since 1994.
Alito is a longtime federal appeals judge, having been confirmed by the Senate by unanimous consent on the 3rd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Philadelphia on April 27, 1990. Before that, he worked as New Jersey’s U.S. attorney and as a lawyer in the Justice Department for the conservative Reagan administration.
It was his Reagan-era work that caused the most controversy during his three-month candidacy for the high court.
Alito replaces O’Connor, the court’s first female justice and a key moderate swing vote on issues like assisted suicide, campaign finance law, the death penalty, affirmative action and abortion.
Critics who mounted a fierce campaign against his nomination noted that while he worked in the solicitor general’s office for President Reagan, he suggested that the Justice Department should try to chip away at abortion rights rather than mount an all-out assault. He also wrote in a 1985 job application for another Reagan administration post that he was proud of his work helping the government argue that “the Constitution does not protect a right to an abortion.”
Now, Alito says, he has great respect for the Roe v. Wade decision as a precedent but refused to commit to upholding it in the future. “I would approach the question with an open mind and I would listen to the arguments that were made,” he told senators at his confirmation hearing earlier this month.
Democrats weren’t convinced, with liberals even unsuccessfully trying to rally support to filibuster Alito on Monday. “The 1985 document amounted to Judge Alito’s pledge of allegiance to a conservative radical Republican ideology,” Senate Democratic leader Harry Reid of Nevada said before the vote.
They also repeatedly questioned Alito at his five-day confirmation hearing after he would not discuss his opinions about abortion or other contentious topics. At one point, his wife started crying and left the hearing room as her husband’s supporters defended him from the Democratic questioning.
“To Judge Alito, I say you deserve a seat on the Supreme Court,” said Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist, R-Tenn.
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