WASHINGTON — It’s a dirty little secret of food poisoning: E. coli and certain other foodborne illnesses can sometimes trigger serious health problems months or years after patients survived that initial bout.
Scientists only now are unraveling a problem that has largely gone unnoticed.
They described high blood pressure, kidney damage, even full kidney failure striking 10 to 20 years later in people who survived severe E. coli infection as children, arthritis after a bout of salmonella or shigella, and a mysterious paralysis that can attack people who had mild symptoms of campylobacter.
“Folks often assume once you’re over the acute illness, that’s it, you’re back to normal and that’s the end of it,” said Dr. Robert Tauxe of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The long-term consequences are “an important but relatively poorly documented, poorly studied area of foodborne illness.”
These late effects are believed to make up a very small fraction of the nation’s 76 million annual food poisonings, although no one knows just how many people are at risk. A bigger question is what other illnesses have yet to be scientifically linked to food poisoning.
Consider Alyssa Chrobuck of Seattle, who at age 5 was hospitalized as part of Jack-in-the-Box’s E. coli outbreak 15 years ago this month.
She’s now a successful college student but ticks off a list of health problems unusual for a 20-year-old: High blood pressure, recurring hospitalizations for colon inflammation, a hiatal hernia, thyroid removal, endometriosis.
“I can’t eat fatty foods. I can’t eat things that are fried, never been able to eat ice cream or milkshakes,” says Chrobuck. “Would I have this many medical problems if I hadn’t had the E. coli? Definitely not. But there’s no way to tie it definitely back.”
“We’re drastically underestimating the burden on society that foodborne illnesses represent,” contends Donna Rosenbaum of the consumer advocacy group STOP, Safe Tables Our Priority.
Every week, her group hears from patients with health complaints that they suspect or have been told are related to food poisoning years earlier, like a woman who survived severe E. coli at 8 only to have her colon removed in her 20s. Or people who develop diabetes after food poisoning inflamed the pancreas. Or parents who wonder if a child’s learning problems stem from food poisoning-caused dialysis as a toddler.
The CDC says foodborne illnesses cause 325,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths a year.
But when people appear to recover, it is difficult to prove that later problems really are a food-poisoning legacy and not some unfortunate coincidence. It may be that people prone to certain gastrointestinal conditions, for instance, also are genetically more vulnerable to germs that cause foodborne illness.
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