MEXICO CITY — The apparent victor of Mexico’s presidential race, Enrique Pena Nieto, struggled Monday with the sticky bonds of his party’s notorious past, the limitation of his election mandate and an opponent who refused to concede defeat.
His long-ruling and now-returned Institutional Revolutionary Party, the PRI, won only about 38 percent of the vote and is unlikely to get a majority in Congress. In fact, it may lose seats.
He faces an old guard in the PRI that still exercises considerable power, a war with fierce drug cartels and a still sluggish economy. His closest rival, leftist Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, who polled a higher-than-expected vote of about 32 percent, refused to accept the loss, and many of his militant followers were suspicious of the results.
President Barack Obama called Pena Nieto on Monday to congratulate him. The U.S. Embassy in Mexico City said Obama told him the United States “looks forward to advancing common goals, including promoting democracy, economic prosperity, and security in the region and around the globe, in the coming years.”
Pena Nieto’s account of the talk suggested his party has left behind the touchy nationalism of the past. He expressed interest in cooperation in security, commerce and infrastructure, but didn’t bring up the traditional Mexican issue of U.S. immigration reform to help the 12 million Mexicans who live in the United States.
Pena Nieto said he wanted “a relationship that will allow the productive integration of North America.”
In Sunday’s elections, Mexicans voted above all for a known quantity, the camera-friendly candidate of the party that ruled Mexico without interruption from 1929 to 2000.
But the PRI returns to power in unknown political terrain, where Mexico is more divided, more violent and less tightly controlled, raising the potential for political disputes on top of the drug war. The battle against drug cartels has already cost more than 47,500 lives and may have contributed to the decline of President Felipe Calderon’s conservative National Action Party, whose candidate dropped to third place with about 25 percent of the preliminary vote count.
Pena Nieto pledged to continue that anti-drug offensive, but “with a new strategy to reduce violence and protect, above all, the lives of Mexicans.”
He promised there would be “no pact or truce” with drug cartels, but clearly some supporters expected the PRI to establish some sort of modus vivendi with the gangs, something party leaders were accused of doing in the past.
“He’ll stabilize the cartels. He’ll negotiate so they don’t hurt innocents,” Martha Trejo, 37, a PRI supporter from the Gulf coast city of Tampico, said at Sunday’s victory rally.
Pena Nieto said Monday he will favor “well-aimed, precision strikes” on the cartels, and more cooperation with U.S. authorities, something that Calderon has already developed far beyond his predecessors.
The biggest immediate task facing Pena Nieto is to convince the 62 percent of voters who didn’t vote for him that he is not planning a return to the corrupt, authoritarian and free-spending ways of the PRI of the past. Even some of Pena Nieto’s supporters, such as school teacher Maria Santillan, 51, expressed hope he would surround himself “with new faces, people who aren’t so corrupted.”
All the potential conflicts were apparent at the victory rally just after midnight at the PRI’s cavernous compound in Mexico City, where Pena Nieto was surrounded by graying holdovers from the PRI’s glory days and a raucous crowd of supporters expecting jobs, hand-out programs and a quick reduction in drug violence.
“There is no return to the past,” Pena Nieto said.
“I am going to be a democratic president, who understands the changes the country has undergone in recent decades,” he said in an apparent reference to reforms that created a more-level political playing field with energized civic organizations putting pressure on governments.
Pena Nieto promised a government “of national unity,” but hasn’t yet named any Cabinet choices.
He also suggested he would seek further internal reforms of his party, which for most of its history followed presidential dictates unquestioningly and rigged votes if it could not win elections that were already tilted sharply in its favor. The party liberalized in its final two decades, but it remained steadfast in protecting its leaders and stonewalling on probes of corruption.
Calderon was quick to recognize the PRI victory, and his party may serve as an ally in Congress in voting through some measures, such as Pena Nieto’s call to open the state-owned oil sector to private investment. Pena Nieto told reporters Monday he would start working immediately on tax, energy and labor reforms, and would “sit down with the president (Calderon) … to talk about what can be put forward before I take office” on Dec. 1.
But those very proposals, especially on the oil industry, have drawn the leftist Democratic Revolution Party, the PRD, into the streets for angry protests in the past.
Lopez Obrador, the PRD’s candidate, refused to concede the election.
“We can’t accept a fraudulent result,” he told supporters Monday evening, a reference to his allegations that Pena Nieto exceeded campaign spending limits, bought votes in some states and benefited from favorable coverage in Mexico’s semi-monopolized television industry.
Lopez Obrador said he will likely challenge Sunday’s vote results, but didn’t say if he would try to repeat nearly two months of street blockades in Mexico City that he led in 2006 to protest a narrow loss to Calderon that he attributed to fraud.
Lopez Obrador’s party actually did better in this election than polls had projected, winning apparent victories in three of the seven state elections Sunday. The PRD was on track to win an overwhelming victory in Mexico City, the nation’s capital and largest city, as well as taking the governorships of Morelos state to the south and the Gulf coast state of Tabasco, both of which were held by other parties. The PRI appeared to have taken the governorship of the western state of Jalisco from the National Action Party.
Despite winning the presidency, the PRI may actually lose seats in Congress. The PRI-led coalition with the Green Party had about 38 percent of the congressional vote, with 95 percent of ballots counted Monday. The coalition won about 46 percent in the last legislative vote three years ago.
Many Mexicans questioned why most pre-election polls underestimated support for Lopez Obrador by five or six percentage points, well outside those polls’ margin of error. Lopez Obrador had claimed the polls were being manipulated, an accusation that accompanied frequent complaints that Pena Nieto was running a far more expensive campaign than his rivals.
Jorge Buendia of the polling firm Buendia and Laredo said some people who said they would vote for Pena Nieto appeared to have changed their minds. There was also a surge in support for Lopez Obrador in the final days that couldn’t be fully measured because Mexico’s electoral law effectively prohibits polling in the last week before elections.
The PRI’s victory appeared to be, above all, a triumph of pragmatism and power-broker politics. Few of those at Pena Nieto’s victory rally Sunday expressed the high-flown rhetoric about democratic transition and reform that were popular when National Action won the 2000 and 2006 elections. For its decades in power, the PRI excelled at handing out patronage jobs as well as work and business permits in exchange for votes.
Jaime Bernal, 48, who works as an aide to a PRI congressman, said at the rally that the secret to the party’s comeback was recognizing “the important thing for people is that they have something to eat, a job to support themselves.”
But he also praised Pena Nieto’s ease at working crowds, shaking hands and hugging people, a talent the party had lost during two decades of PRI presidents known as market-oriented “technocrats.”
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Associated Press writer Olga R. Rodriguez contributed to this report.
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