ITHACA, N.Y. – Think much about that popcorn while you’re eating it? Or that plate of pasta? That bowl of soup?
Probably not.
But Cornell University marketing professor Brian Wansink does. Often.
Wansink isn’t concerned about the food, exactly, but why you eat it. His goal is to uncover hidden cues that influence how much we eat. He wants to know if people grab more M&M’s from a bowl if there are more colors (yes), if people tend to eat less popcorn at comic films than during gloomy films (yes) and whether people are tuned into the subtle prompts such as mood and setting that affect their eating (generally, no).
After years of sometimes unorthodox research, Wansink argues that a good way to lose weight is not by obsessing over carbs or banning trans fats, but by addressing dietary “hidden persuaders.” He lays out the case in his new book, “Mindless Eating, Why We Eat More than We Think We Eat.”
“So much of the answer lies not in counting calories, not in legislating, but in the middle range of what we can do by changing some of our own habits,” Wansink said during an interview in his Food and Brand Lab on Cornell’s upstate New York campus.
The lab’s main room is designed to look like a kitchen, albeit one with tiny surveillance cameras, a two-way mirror and a food scale hidden beneath a dishrag on the counter. The idea is to provide a homey atmosphere where test subjects can eat, and an unobtrusive way for researchers to watch.
Wansink must use some clever subterfuge in his experiments. He once designed self-filling soup bowls that pump tomato soup up from under the table as people supped from them. He wanted to find out if people stopped eating without the visual cue of an empty bowl. Some people ate more than a quart.
Another time, when he was at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, he told half the diners at a restaurantlike lab that their complementary glass of cabernet sauvignon that night came from California, the other half were told the same wine came from North Dakota. Not only did the North Dakota group eat less of their dinner, they headed for the exits quicker.
Same wine, same food, different cues, different results.
Wansink’s larger point is that people make more than 200 food decisions a day, most of them subconsciously. He believes people trying fad diets would be better served changing little behaviors that could cut a relatively painless 100 to 200 calories a day. It can be done in part by hiding the candy or avoiding jumbo-sized packaging, which tends to encourage consumption.
Pick two or three habits a month, he advises. For instance, Wansink this month is trying not to eat a snack unless he first eats fruit, and he set a one-bread-roll limit for meals out.
Wansink’s doctorate is in marketing and consumer behavior, unusual in a field full of researchers with psychology backgrounds. The 46-year-old from Iowa farm country feels his research sometimes falls between the cracks academically. But he learned years ago he could end-run academic ambivalence by sending copies of his research directly to journalists. He recalls his getting early career media hits in Woman’s Day and Cooking Light magazines and thinking “This is really cool!”
“I decided to write things that would always have a takeaway for consumers,” he said.
Some of his most provocative work casts doubt on the value of nutrition labels for consumers. He believes people are either too busy or distracted to read packages. Worse, labels can lull people into a false sense of security, such as Subway diners feeling good about eating a low-fat sandwich, and then loading up on chips and a soda.
Eating a wrap sandwich for lunch on campus, he can’t help noticing a label on his mayonnaise packet: “As always 0g carbs.”
“I love it!” he said with a laugh.
The packet doesn’t mention that a single serving has 10 grams of fat and 90 calories.
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