The government’s $5 billion effort to help small businesses recover from the Sept. 11 attacks was so loosely managed that it gave low-interest loans to companies that didn’t need terrorism relief – or even know they were getting it, The Associated Press has found.
And while some at New York’s ground zero couldn’t get assistance they desperately sought, companies far removed from the devastation – a South Dakota country radio station, a Virgin Islands perfume shop, a Utah dog boutique and more than 100 Dunkin’ Donuts and Subway sandwich shops – had no problem winning the government-guaranteed loans.
Dentists and chiropractors in numerous cities, as well as an Oregon winery that sold trendy pinot noir to New York City restaurants, also got assistance.
In Washington state, 392 businesses received more than $146 million in loans, according to the AP’s figures. Recipients included 34 gas stations, 27 hotels, 14 full-service restaurants and 13 dentists.
“That’s scary. Nine-11 had nothing to do with this,” said James Munsey, a Virginia entrepreneur who described himself as “beyond shocked” to learn his nearly $1 million loan to buy a special events company in Richmond was drawn from the Sept. 11 program.
“It would have been inappropriate for me to take this kind of loan,” he said, noting that the company he bought suffered no ill effects from Sept. 11.
Arvind “Andy” Patel, 50, said he used his $350,000 loan in fall 2002 to remodel his Dunkin’ Donuts shop in western New York state and never knew it was drawn through the Sept. 11 program.
“Not at all,” Patel answered, when asked whether his business had been hurt by the attacks.
Unwitting recipients
Government officials said they believe banks assigned some loans to the terror relief program without telling borrowers. Neither the government nor its participating banks said they could provide figures on how many businesses got loans that way.
But the Associated Press’ nationwide investigation located businesses in dozens of states who said they did not know their loans were drawn from the Sept. 11 programs, suggesting at least hundreds of millions of dollars went to unwitting recipients.
The Small Business Administration, which administered the two programs that doled out Sept. 11 recovery loans, said it first learned of the problems through AP’s review and was weighing whether an investigation was needed. But officials also acknowledged they intended to spread the post-Sept. 11 aid broadly because so many unexpected industries were hurt.
“We started seeing business (needing help) in areas you wouldn’t think of – tourism, crop dusting, trade and transportation. … So there were a lot of examples you wouldn’t think of, at first blush,” SBA Administrator Hector Barreto said.
In all, the government provided, approved or guaranteed nearly $4.9 billion in loans, and took credit for saving 20,000 jobs. That would put the average cost of saving a job at about a quarter- million dollars each.
Of the 19,000 loans approved by the two programs, fewer than 11 percent went to companies in New York City and Washington, D.C., according to an AP computer analysis of loan records obtained under the Freedom of Information Act.
“I had nothing here,” said Shirla Yam, who runs a clothing store in the former shadow of the twin towers that got a $20,000 grant from a local advocacy group but no federal aid after Sept. 11. “I don’t know if I’ll be here next month.”
Under one of the programs, SBA lent money directly to companies that provided detailed statements on how they were hurt. The other program provided incentives – and guaranteed loans from default – so banks could lend money to companies they determined were hurt by the post-Sept. 11 economic downturn.
Most loans were well below market rates – as low as 4 percent, documents show.
Honor system
SBA officials acknowledged the second program, the Supplementary Terrorism Activity Relief (STAR), left banks on an honor system to determine worthy loan recipients.
“One lender could have been really strict and specific about the borrower providing the documentation to prove that they were affected by the Sept. 11 attacks, and another banker may not have, or may have had ulterior motives for approving loans,” said SBA spokeswoman Carol Chastang.
SBA documents obtained by AP show banks had a strong incentive to approve as many loans as possible from the terror program. The banks profited from the interest while incurring little risk because the government guaranteed 75 percent to 85 percent of each loan.
And the annual fee the lenders paid to SBA to get the government guarantee was slashed from 0.5 percent to 0.25 percent, meaning lenders saved an additional $5,000 a year for every $2 million they loaned under STAR.
“There was definitely an advantage to the lender to get that reduced fee,” said Christopher Chavez, an SBA official in Colorado. He said he suspects lenders might not always have talked to businesses about damage from Sept. 11 before moving loans into STAR.
While SBA officials expressed surprise at AP’s findings, banking officials said the agency encouraged the industry to use the post-Sept. 11 programs liberally, especially when its normal guaranteed lending program was hit by steep budget cuts in 2002.
“They had personnel at our conference stand up and say if you cannot find a reason to move the loan over to the STAR program, contact us and we’ll help you find a reason to move it over,” recalled Tony Wilkinson, president of the National Association of Government Guaranteed Lenders.
A bank that provided an SBA-backed loan to a trucking firm in Indiana acknowledged it did not tell the recipient about the Sept. 11 connection. “We don’t have any indication there was any communication or provisions we shared with the client that these were funds from the government used to support them from Sept. 11,” said Pat Schubah, first vice president of small business banking at Indianapolis-based Union Federal.
Major lenders such as Wachovia and Wells Fargo declined to say how many loans they shifted into the terror relief program, saying only that they followed the law.
Wells Fargo, the nation’s second largest SBA lender, said the STAR program enabled lenders “to provide funds to new and mature businesses impacted by 9-11” and the bank “continues to strictly adhere to SBA operational standards for all SBA loan originations.”
Help for big business
Many loans went to local outlets of some of America’s most famous and lucrative companies. For instance, 55 Dunkin’ Donuts shops across the country, 14 Quiznos sandwich shops and 52 Subway sandwich shops got loans. Fourteen Dairy Queens – part of the ice cream franchise partly owned by Wall Street billionaire Warren Buffett – won more than $5 million in loans.
“I just applied for the loan at the bank. I had no idea where the funds came from,” said Tom Mayl, who got two SBA Sept. 11 loans totaling more than $800,000 to open a Subway shop in suburban Dayton, Ohio, and a Buffalo Wild Wings restaurant in Sidney, Ohio.
“It doesn’t seem right, just on the surface, but I really don’t know the details,” Mayl said.
Don Robinson said he too didn’t need or ask for terrorism relief when he got a $765,000 government-backed loan in 2003 – drawn without his knowledge from the Sept. 11 program – to start a motorcycle shop in Brigham City, Utah.
“Actually, the motorcycle industry grew after 9-11,” Robinson said. “People just took their money out of the stock market to buy toys.”
Dentists and chiropractors also were frequent, but unwitting, beneficiaries. “They weren’t putting their health second to anything else,” chiropractor Colby Shores said of his patients in the suburbs of Rochester, N.Y. He was unaware his $87,000 loan with a 4 percent interest rate came from the terror relief program.
Angry victims
The loan patterns uncovered by AP left some seething in the neighborhoods directly scarred by Sept. 11.
“You have to take it back and give it to us. Even now, I could use it,” said Mike Yagudayev, who said the SBA would only provide him $20,000 of a $70,000 loan he requested to rebuild his hair salon flattened by the collapse of World Trade Center towers in New York.
“I said, ‘You know what, take it back. Twenty thousand is like an insult,’” he recalled.
Thousands of businesses far from the devastation had no trouble getting SBA loans, simply submitting short applications that linked their slow business to the widespread economic fallout caused by Sept. 11. For instance:
* Karl Grimmelmann, general manager of KBFS-AM “Hit Kickin’ Country” in Belle Fourche, S.D., borrowed $135,000 from SBA’s disaster program after learning about it from a news release. He said his station was forced to pay more money to cover national news and also lost advertisers. “Everybody started holding onto their money, plain and simple,” he said.
* Margie Olson, co-owner of the Torii Mor Winery in McMinnville, Ore., said her business needed a $125,000 loan because it couldn’t sell high-end pinot noir to Manhattan restaurants that had closed. “Everyone started hitting the heavy stuff,” Olson said, laughing.
* Melva Kravitz, co-owner of the Little Dogs Resort &Salon in Salt Lake City that offers boarding and grooming services for small dogs, said people stopped taking vacations and boarding their pets after Sept. 11, requiring her $50,000 loan. “It was awful,” she said. “You just couldn’t go on.”
* Christine Hilty, co-owner of Violettes Boutique on St. Croix in the U.S. Virgin Islands, said the perfume shop lost 60 percent of its business overnight as tourism stopped. She got a $169,500 loan from SBA. “Would we have closed our doors? It was close,” she said. “Everyone was afraid to get on a plane. Tourism was totally halted.”
The loan aftermath
Though the loan programs have ended, the government is inheriting a residual burden. Already, taxpayers have been forced to cover about 600 defaulted disaster loans – some approaching $1 million each – from companies that went bankrupt or closed. More defaults are expected.
Jim Hammersley, who runs the SBA’s collection arm, said many applicants asked for too much or too little money to keep their businesses afloat.
“The folks that were dealing with the aftermath of 9-11 didn’t have anything that certain to try and gauge whether they needed money or how much they needed,” he said.
Talk to us
> Give us your news tips.
> Send us a letter to the editor.
> More Herald contact information.
