NEW YORK — By the tens of thousands, victims of stalking lose their jobs, flee their homes and fear for their safety, according to a new federal survey providing the most comprehensive data ever on a crime affecting an estimated 3.4 million Americans a year.
About 11 percent of the victims said they had been stalked for five or more years, and one in seven said the stalking compelled them to move out of their home, according to the report by the Justice Department’s Bureau of Justice Statistics. It covered a 12-month period in 2005-06.
In the span between the two surveys, e-mail and text-messaging emerged as common tactics for stalkers.
“The prevalence of these electronic devices gives a stalker another tool in his tool kit, makes it easier to stalk and increases victims’ fear,” said Cindy Dyer, director of the federal Office on Violence Against Women. “It doesn’t increase the number of stalking offenders, but it sure makes their job easier.”
Some of the survey findings:
Who gets stalked: Nearly 75 percent of victims knew their stalker in some capacity — most commonly a former spouse or ex-boyfriend/girlfriend, sometimes a relative or co-worker.
People who were divorced or separated were more vulnerable to stalking than other marital categories, and those aged 18-24 were more likely to be stalked than older people.
Women are more than twice as likely to be victimized as men.
Types of stalking: The Bureau of Justice Statistics defined stalking as a course of conduct, directed at a specific person on at least two separate occasions, that would cause a reasonable person to feel fear. The most commonly reported types of stalking were unwanted phone calls (66 percent), unsolicited letters or e-mail (31 percent) or having rumors spread about the victim (36 percent).
More than one-third of the victims reported being followed or spied upon; some said they were tracked by electronic monitoring, listening devices or video cameras. About 21 percent said they had been attacked by their stalker — with the forms of assault ranging from a slap to rape.
Stalking’s effects: Victims reported suffering a range of emotions because of the stalking. Their most common fears included not knowing what would happen next (46 percent) and fearing the stalking would continue indefinitely (29 percent). Nine percent of the victims said their worst fear was death.
According to the report, about 130,000 victims said they had been fired or asked to leave their job because of problems arising from the stalking. About one in eight of all employed victims lost time from work, either for fear for their safety or to pursue activities such as seeking a restraining order or testifying in court.
About 40 percent of the victims reported the stalking to the police, and about one-fifth filed charges.
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