LONDON — A 40-year-old American man living in Scotland said Monday he’s sorry for posing as a Syrian lesbian blogger who offered vivid accounts of life amid revolt and repression in Damascus, a hoax that has exposed the difficulty of sifting truth from fiction online.
Tom MacMaster said he c
reated the fictional persona of Amina Arraf and the “Gay Girl in Damascus” blog to draw attention to conditions in a Middle East convulsed by change.
“I never meant to hurt anyone,” the Edinburgh University grad student wrote Monday in a long apology on the blog. The university said it had su
spended MacMaster’s computer privileges while it investigated whether he had breached its rules.
Gay rights activists and bloggers say MacMaster has endangered real people who are trying to tell their stories in authoritarian societies.
“He completely stole the limelight of real LGBT bloggers and activists in the Middle East and diverted it in a negative way,” said Dan Littauer of the website Gay Middle East.
Daniel Nassar, the pseudonym of a Syrian man affiliated with Gay Middle East, said MacMaster had put all gay Syrians in danger.
“If I was living in a country where I could sue this person because he has damaged me and damaged my cause … then I would,” he said.
The blogs about life as a Syrian-American lesbian grabbed international attention soon after they began in February. Alongside video clips and erotic poems, the writer wrote about a childhood in Virginia, daily life as a gay woman in Damascus, the growing protest movement and hopes for a future Syria freed from “dictators and rule by strong men.”
For readers hungry for news of the uprisings sweeping the Arab world, it was gold dust — a gripping, firsthand account of a country from which most foreign journalists are excluded.
A reporter for The Associated Press, who maintained a monthlong email correspondence with someone claiming to be Arraf, found the persona persuasive. The writer spoke about friends in Damascus, and outlined worries about her father and hopes for the future of her country, and seemed very much like a woman in the midst of the violent change gripping Syria.
In the emails, the person acknowledged fudging some details to protect herself and her family, and painted a harrowing picture of fleeing her home.
An email sent to the blogger’s address Monday was not immediately returned.
On June 6, a post on the Arraf site, ostensibly by a cousin, said she’d been abducted by armed men in a Damascus street. The Internet erupted with alarm. A “Free Amina Arraf” Facebook page drew 14,000 supporters. The U.S. State Department said it was making inquiries to establish her identity.
But other bloggers began to go public with their growing doubts about Arraf’s authenticity.
Some thought an April 26 post describing how two plainclothes security agents came to her home to detain her and were persuaded to leaving by her father sounded extremely implausible. Syria’s hardline security services are not known as being easily dissuaded.
Reporters in Virginia, where Arraf claimed to have grown up, could find no trace of her or her family.
Journalists could find no one who had ever met her — not even Sandra Bagaria, a Montreal woman who was having an online relationship with her and had exchanged hundreds of emails with “Amina.”
Online sleuths — including Andy Carvin of National Public Radio and blogger Liz Henry — found that an IP address used by Arraf was based at Edinburgh University and uncovered links between the blogger and an address in Stone Mountain, Georgia owned by MacMaster, a married American man currently studying for a master’s degree at the University of Edinburgh.
Then a woman in Britain, Jelena Lecic, came forward to say the photos of “Amina” on the blogger’s Facebook page were actually of her. She had been unaware of the theft until she saw her own picture illustrating a British newspaper article about the blogger.
Faced with the mounting evidence, MacMaster first denied it, then confessed, posting an “apology to readers” Sunday on Amina’s blog.
MacMaster’s wife, Britta Froelicher, said she understood that people felt hurt and angry about what her husband had done. She said he was apologetic for a situation that “backfired” and became uncontrollable.
“He created kind of an avatar,” she said. “When he became this other person, his opinions were being heard and it took on a life of its own.
“It was really an attempt to circumvent traditional news media and try to talk about things” from a fresh perspective, she said.
Froelicher, a doctoral student at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland, spoke by telephone to the AP while on vacation with her husband in Istanbul.
She said she had known that her husband was writing a blog, but had no idea that he had created a false character.
“He’s my husband, he’s not my child,” she said. “Obviously, we are going to have some conversations in private about these things.”
MacMaster insists he did not mean to hurt anyone — but his fake persona has left a trail of angry people.
Bagaria, Amina’s Canadian online girlfriend, tweeted that she felt “deeply hurt.”
Paula Brooks of lesbian news website Lezgetreal.com, which encouraged Amina and republished her blog entries, said she feels like a “patsy.”
Joe Stork, deputy director of the Middle East and North Africa division at Human Rights Watch, said the whole episode should serve as a warning to media and rights groups trying to cover the region’s uprisings.
“It underscores the age-old principle that you have to know your sources,” he said. “You have to know who is feeding you this information.”
Eve MacMaster, the blogger’s mother, said she hasn’t spoken to her son since he admitted fabricating the posts but is certain her son’s writings came from a genuine concern for people the Middle East.
“He’s not out to make money or hurt anybody,” she said. “I’m proud of him for caring about others and I’m proud of him for coming forward and saying ‘I’m sorry. I was stupid and I was vain.”‘
She said that when she and her husband first read the blog, after their son had admitted to writing it, they easily noticed his style and personality.
“Once we started reading the blog, we said, “This is Tom,”‘ according to Eve, a Mennonite minister who lives in Gainesville, Florida. “It’s very consistent with him.”
She said her son has written volumes of unpublished poems and novels, inspired in his youth by fantasy authors such as J.R.R. Tolkien and his “Lord of the Rings” series.
“He made some errors in judgment, but they weren’t criminal or sinful,” she said. “They were just poor judgment.”
Ben McConville in Edinburgh, Christopher Torchia in Istanbul, Diaa Hadid in Beirut and Russ Bynum in Savannah, Georgia, contributed to this report.
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