A risky partnership in Baghdad

Published 9:00 pm Saturday, August 4, 2007

BAGHDAD, Iraq – The leader of the Revolutionaries of Amiriya sits in his headquarters in an abandoned high school here explaining the militant group’s latest mission: policing and rebuilding Sunni Muslim neighborhoods.

“We need to return the services to the neighborhoods. Al-Qaida destroyed streets, schools, electricity, even mobile phone towers,” said the man known as Abu Abed, or Saif. “They made the people here desperate.”

Since partnering with U.S. forces in May to fight al-Qaida in Iraq in Amiriya, the Sunni militant group has broadened its reach, overseeing city services in this walled, middle-class neighborhood. And it is pushing ambitious plans to police a handful of other Sunni neighborhoods, against the wishes of the Iraqi army and government, some Sunni leaders, and U.S. soldiers, who say the militants can’t be trusted.

U.S. military leaders, who have used the same tactic in Anbar province, say their goal is to turn the fighters into Iraqi police in areas where the Shiite-dominated security forces aren’t trusted, or can’t go.

Military commanders concede there’s a risk the Sunni fighters they’re attempting to co-opt could betray them or fuel the country’s civil war by turning their arms on the Shiite militants of the al-Mahdi militia and Badr Organization. But U.S. strategists are betting that giving the Sunni Arab groups a stake in a stabilized Iraq, and paying them a monthly salary, will quell violence and help U.S. forces repel al-Qaida in Iraq.

“You make them dependent on you for a paycheck, you take their biometrics; you’ve got their names, you know where they go for work every day because they work for you,” a U.S. diplomat said of the experiment. “You have got commanders over them. This is a much safer place to be than having these guys out in the wilderness fighting you.”

A dangerous experiment

Analysts say the experiment is risky at best.

“They may be infiltrated by the unturned insurgents like al-Qaida in Iraq and use knowledge gained about American forces and positions to abet attacks on our troops,” said Bruce Riedel, a senior fellow in foreign policy studies at the Brookings Institution in Washington. “Most of all, their loyalty to the central government is questionable at best, so you are creating even more warlords and militias in an already confused and volatile situation.”

Already, U.S. commanders have begun reining in their new allies.

“You can watch your own neighborhoods, but you can’t watch somebody else’s neighborhood,” U.S. Army Gen. David Petraeus, commander of U.S. forces in Iraq, said he has told tribal leaders in the Taji area north of the capital, where Sunni militias have been enlisted in policing roles.

Saif, the Amiriya Revolutionaries commander, is becoming a power broker of sorts between U.S. forces and Sunni groups eager to assume the same roles in Khadra, Shurta overpass, Haifa Street and Bakriya, and in more mixed neighborhoods such as Adamiya, Bab al Muadam and Fadil.

“All I need and ask of the U.S. is protection for me and my fighters,” he said. “We still apply the law.”

Last month, the Revolutionaries, clad in T-shirts and tracksuits and openly toting AK-47s, greeted U.S. soldiers visiting the group’s headquarters in the former high school.

Saif, 35, appeared looking more like a police detective than a militant, in pressed slacks and a button-down plaid shirt, a gold Iraq pin on his lapel and a black pistol strapped to his right thigh.

Local knowledge helpful

Capt. Dustin Mitchell, 30, of Louisville, Ky., who serves as a liaison with the Revolutionaries, said he’s impressed by their ability to locate weapon stockpiles, roadside bombs and al-Qaida in Iraq leaders.

“It’s like going undercover in the police, in civilian clothing. And that’s kind of something we can’t do as white boys in the U.S. Army,” Mitchell said. “It’s just a gold mine of information that you ain’t going to find anywhere else.”

Saif, a former member of Saddam Hussein’s military, said many members of his group had been members of the 1920 Revolution Brigade and Islamic Army, groups that have historically fought U.S. forces, al-Qaida in Iraq and Shiite militias.

Asked if his men had fought U.S. troops in the past, Saif smiled as U.S. soldiers looked on. “If the door gets broken down and my family is inside, I’m going to defend myself, I’m going to defend my family,” he said. “Then I discover he’s my friend, that he came from a faraway country to give me freedom.”

Saif claims to have killed 22 al-Qaida in Iraq operatives during his two months working with U.S. forces.

“We are the sons of this neighborhood, of the streets,” Saif said. Residents trust them, he added, “because they know what kind of morals we have.”

Reviews are mixed from U.S. soldiers who have worked with the Revolutionaries.

Sgt. Joe Frye, 31, of Panama City, Panama, has watched them search homes, nimbly traversing streets laced with roadside bombs with a speed and stealth that can’t be matched by armored U.S. convoys.

“We’ve accomplished more in the few weeks working with these guys than in the nine months we’ve been here,” Frye said.

But Lt. Brendan Griswold, 24, of Kansas City, says he’s seen Revolutionaries, who often patrol in black ski masks, confiscate cars with little proof, a common complaint among Amiriya residents. Other soldiers reported seeing the militants beat suspects with rifle butts during raids.

“I don’t like going out with them. I don’t trust them,” Griswold said during a patrol in Amiriya. “They get a little bit out of control.”

Iraqi concerns

U.S. Army Lt. Col. Dale Kuehl, a West Point graduate, is trying to persuade Iraqi army leaders to support the Revolutionaries, but those commanders remain critical of the fighters.

“We’ve been in government four years, and we’re not giving weapons to anyone who comes,” Defense Ministry spokesman Mohammed Askari said. “If we don’t control those people, they will use their arms against us.”

Kuehl concedes that as the Revolutionaries grow, they may abandon plans to join the Iraqi police and become a Sunni counterpoint to the Shiite militias they have long fought.

“The challenge will be trying to keep it under control,” Kuehl said of the group. “We do not want this to become another sectarian militia.”

The U.S. military collects identifying information from the Revolutionaries, including fingerprints and retina scans, but the fighters are not screened or supervised.

“You don’t know how far you can trust them a few months from now,” said Sgt. David Alexander, 24, of Amarillo, Texas, stationed in a bombed-out bunker near the Revolutionaries’ office. “They’re with us now because we have a common goal. But what happens when we kill all the al-Qaida guys? … If they want to go out and capture somebody for revenge, there’s nobody to prevent them from doing that.”

Saif seemed to confirm those fears, saying that even as his men become Iraqi police, they will continue to go after Shiite militias to avenge dead comrades, including his brothers.

“It is our nature as Iraqis,” he said. “We have revenge issues.”

U.S. military deaths

Latest identifications reported by the military of U.S. personnel killed in Iraq:

Three soldiers were killed Tuesday by an explosive in Baghdad. All were assigned to the 2nd Battalion, 3rd Infantry Regiment, 3rd Brigade, 2nd Infantry Division (Stryker Brigade Combat Team), Fort Lewis. Killed were: Army Spc. Zachariah Gonzalez, 23, Indianapolis.

Army Pfc. Charles Heinlein, 23, Hemlock, Mich. Army Pfc. Alfred Jairala, 29, Hialeah, Fla.

Army Sgt. Stephen Maddies, 41, Elizabethton, Tenn.; died Tuesday in Baghdad of wounds from small-arms fire; assigned to the 473rd Counter Rocket, Artillery and Mortar Platoon, Tennessee Army National Guard, Columbia, Tenn.

Army Pfc. Cody Grater, 20, Spring Hill, Fla., died Monday in Baghdad of wounds suffered from enemy fire; assigned to the 407th Brigade Support Battalion, 2nd Brigade Combat Team, 82nd Airborne Division, Fort Bragg, N.C.