Washington Supreme Court unanimously OKs tax on big banks

By Gene Johnson / Associated Press

SEATTLE — The Washington Supreme Court on Thursday unanimously upheld a new tax on big banks aimed at providing essential services and improving the state’s regressive tax system.

The 1.2% business and occupation surtax — a tax added on top of other taxes — was passed by the Legislature in 2019. It applies to banks that make more than $1 billion in annual profits, but it is assessed only on their economic activity in Washington.

The banking industry sued, saying the tax discriminated against banks engaged in interstate commerce, in violation of the U.S. Constitution, which gives Congress the right to regulate trade among the states.

The justices ruled that the tax does not discriminate against out-of-state banks.

“It applies equally to all financial institutions meeting the $1 billion income threshold, irrespective of whether they are based inside or outside of Washington,” Justice Barbara Madsen wrote.

The ruling overturned a decision last year by King County Superior Court Judge Marshall Ferguson, who found that the tax did have a discriminatory effect.

In their challenge, the Washington Banking Association and the American Banking Association noted that of the 153 financial institutions that had to pay the tax during the first quarter of 2020, 150 were based out of state. Out-of-state entities paid more than 99.7% of the $34 million collected during that period, an attorney for the groups, former Washington Attorney General Rob McKenna, told the justices during arguments in May.

But state Solicitor General Noah Purcell said that argument would lead to absurd results: If Washington couldn’t impose taxes that are written neutrally but which wind up affecting more out-of-state businesses than in-state ones, the state wouldn’t be able to tax tobacco.

Lawmakers said they designed the surtax to help make the state’s taxation more progressive by targeting businesses best able to pay. Washington’s middle class and poor residents pay two to six times as much of their income in taxes as the wealthy do, lawmakers found.

The case drew a friend-of-the-court brief from labor and community activists, including the Washington Black Lives Matter Alliance, who argued that the tax was a legitimate way for lawmakers to target Washington’s regressive tax system.

“This unanimous decision correctly applies the law and is a win for those fighting to make Washington’s tax system fairer,” Washington Attorney General Bob Ferguson, a Democrat, said in an emailed statement.

The banking industry groups did not immediately issue a response to the ruling. Given the potential interstate commerce issue, they could ask the U.S. Supreme Court to review the decision.

Another effort by Democratic lawmakers to have the rich pay more in taxes — a capital gains tax due to take effect in January — is also facing a legal challenge. The measure creates a 7% tax on capital gains from stocks, bonds and other assets above $250,000, with exemptions for retirement accounts, real estate and some other assets. It’s expected to raise about $445 million a year for early learning and child care programs.

McKenna is also representing groups challenging that tax, saying it is an income tax barred by the state constitution.