By Stefan Nicola and Jeremy Kahn / Bloomberg
Britain’s second-busiest airport, London’s Gatwick, turned to the military last week after police were unable to stop incursions by illegal drones that buzzed around the hub for almost 24 hours, disrupting travel for more than 120,000 people.
Now analysts and executives are concerned that political reaction may hinder the rapid growth of the drone industry.
High-profile security incidents like the one that shuttered Gatwick “tend to give politicians a knee-jerk reaction to regulate and to restrict development,” said Kumardev Chatterjee, chief executive officer of Unmanned Life, a European drone startup.
Instead, authorities should better manage the sector to enable innovation to continue, he said.
The global commercial drone market is expected to grow on average 36 percent each year to reach $14.7 billion by 2022, according to a report by market research firm Technavio. Some of the world’s largest technology companies have been keen to seize the opportunity and demonstrate the benefits to policymakers.
In Cambridge, about 60 miles from London, Amazon.com is testing drone delivery services. CEO Jeff Bezos announced his company’s drone plans in 2013 as a way to deliver certain items to customers within 30 minutes.
In July, Alphabet Inc. said Wing, another drone-based product delivery system, would graduate from subsidiary Google’s “moonshot” lab and become full-fledged businesses under its Other Bets unit, which includes businesses like self-driving car business Waymo. It’s set to launch in Finland in the spring of 2019, and would be the Wing division’s first European presence.
Dozens of other companies, such as Qualcomm, FedEx, Uber and Facebook, have shown interest in being involved in the development of drones — Uber for food, others for inspecting planes.
Crimes involving drones, such as the one at Gatwick, will only increase the scrutiny placed by governments and the public on the use of such vehicles. Chris Fleming, the chief executive officer of Cyberhawk, which operates drones to inspect oil and gas equipment, and industrial sites, said he was saddened by the events at Gatwick.
“It does put drone use under the microscope and presents the technology in a negative way,” Fleming said. “And that is a misrepresentation of the devices because they are a tool for good.”
While the commercial users of drones have been rapidly adopted from sports broadcasts to land surveys, regulators have been playing catchup to ensure air safety. NATS, the U.K. air traffic control provider, in March announced that it was partnering with small avionics company called Altitude Angel, based in Reading, England, to create technology that will broadcast the position and flight data of drones, much as radar transponders do for larger, manned aircraft. NATS has said this will allow commercial drones to operate at low altitudes out-of-the-sight of their pilots. Those conducting these out-of-sight drone flights will have to register their flight plans at least an hour before takeoff on a new online portal.
The European Union is working towards new bloc-wide rules that would require all civilian drones to be registered, allowing for remote identification of the aircraft. That would help authorities more quickly identify any perpetrators in a similar event such as Gatwick. In addition, the new rules will allow member states to set out their own geographical zones where drone flights can be restricted.
“The incident underlines that we need to remain vigilant and ensure that both safety and security of drones are taken into account,” said a spokesman for the European Commission, the bloc’s executive body.
In the U.S., the Department of Transportation has authorized pilot programs for commercial drone uses in 10 states, including activities such as night flights and package deliveries. Alphabet’s Wing is among those participating in those pilots, as is Flirtey, which has helped Domino’s Pizza deliver by drone.
While methods to knock drones out of the sky range from eagles to giant nets, some companies have been building technology solutions. Holographic radar systems such as that pioneered by Aveillant Ltd., a Cambridge company that Thales, the French defense contractor, acquired in 2017, have been tested at Paris’s Charles de Gaulle airport as well as at Monaco’s airport. They claim to can detect drones shortly after takeoff, track them and even identify their type.
For now, incidents such as the Gatwick drone incursion are likely to damage public trust in drones, said Elaine Whyte, who heads the U.K. drone practice group for consulting firm PwC. “Commercial drone operators will be registered and have to undertake training to operate them professionally,” she said. She said it was up to the police to enforce existing rules on drone flights.
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