WASHINGTON – As oil prices rise, the two leading presidential candidates are advocating energy plans with similar contours that focus on an elusive goal: reducing dependence on foreign oil.

But while the energy proposals put forward by Sen. John Kerry and President Bush discuss many of the same general solutions, they emphasize different approaches.

Bush goes further in advocating more domestic production, including drilling for oil in Alaska’s Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Kerry emphasizes energy conservation and alternative fuels.

The candidates repeat many of the same basic ideas. They call for tax incentives for producing oil, gas, “clean coal” and alternative energy. They also support tax credits for purchasing high-mileage vehicles and a natural gas pipeline from Alaska. Each would spend federal funds on research into hydrogen, which some advocates say could eventually be used to power fuel cells that emit no pollution.

Neither plan would fundamentally change the country’s energy outlook or address high energy prices anytime soon, said Mary Novak, managing director of energy services for Global Insight, a consulting firm in Lexington, Mass.

“They’re not that different,” Novak said of the competing plans. “It’s a question of the degree to which one tries to close that gap from trying to moderate demand growth versus the incentives that you give for increased production.”

Novak said the plans gloss over the most effective ways to reduce oil consumption: increasing fuel economy requirements for vehicles or increasing taxes for gasoline.

Both candidates say that to help moderate prices and promote national security, the nation needs to rely less on foreign oil, which accounts for about 63 percent of the 20 million barrels a day consumed domestically. Kerry focuses on independence from oil from the Middle East.

“I have a real energy plan to harness the full force of America’s technology and make this nation independent of Middle East oil in 10 years,” Kerry said in a recent speech in New Mexico. “My plan will increase fuel efficiency, lower energy prices, produce alternative and renewable sources of energy and create new jobs here at home. I want an America that relies on its own ingenuity and innovation, not the Saudi royal family.”

Speaking to an audience in Las Vegas, Bush said recently: “My plan encourages conservation. It encourages the use of renewables like ethanol and biodiesel. It encourages new technologies. It encourages clean coal technologies and increased domestic production. To keep jobs here, our nation must become less dependent on foreign sources of energy.”

The two candidates differ most starkly on new domestic production. Bush says that as part of a broad energy plan, the United States must increase production of oil and natural gas by tapping the Alaska refuge and increasing production elsewhere. The administration says the production can be done in an environmentally safe manner.

Kerry calls for increasing production in areas already open for drilling, fearing oil production would despoil the environment in the refuge and some other areas where Bush wants to drill. Kerry’s campaign, however, said he would consider opening some other areas to new production.

Energy strategies

Here are some provisions of the candidates’ energy plans:

BUSH

* Allow oil production in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and provide tax incentives for natural gas production in the Gulf of Mexico but not off the coast of Florida.

* Provide $4 billion in tax incentives for new energy technologies and provide $1.4 billion over 10 years to make homes more energy efficient

* Provide a $4,000 tax credit to purchase hybrid gasoline-electric and other highly fuel-efficient vehicles.

* Require 5 billion gallons of ethanol or biodiesel in motor fuels by 2012.

KERRY

* Increase auto fuel efficiency by providing tax credits for consumers who drive more efficient vehicles and creating incentives for manufacturers to produce those vehicles.

* Mandate that 20 percent of electricity be generated from renewable sources by 2020.

* Increase the use of domestically available renewable fuels by 5 billion gallons by 2012.

* Increase domestic oil production in areas already open for development.

Energy strategies

Here are some provisions of the candidates’ energy plans:

BUSH

* Allow oil production in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and provide tax incentives for natural gas production in the Gulf of Mexico but not off the coast of Florida.

* Provide $4 billion in tax incentives for new energy technologies and provide $1.4 billion over 10 years to make homes more energy efficient

* Provide a $4,000 tax credit to purchase hybrid gasoline-electric and other highly fuel-efficient vehicles.

* Require 5 billion gallons of ethanol or biodiesel in motor fuels by 2012.

KERRY

* Increase auto fuel efficiency by providing tax credits for consumers who drive more efficient vehicles and creating incentives for manufacturers to produce those vehicles.

* Mandate that 20 percent of electricity be generated from renewable sources by 2020.

* Increase the use of domestically available renewable fuels by 5 billion gallons by 2012.

* Increase domestic oil production in areas already open for development.