NAIROBI, Kenya — For young Somalis, piracy offers a life of adventure and money: At sea, they are armed with automatic weapons, rockets and grenades. On land, they are a cross between a town official and a gangster rapper — with grand houses, luxury cars and beautiful wives.
Piracy is a lucrative business in Somalia, a country with no central government, no banks and few opportunities.
For Somali men such as those who hijacked an American cargo ship, banditry at sea offers power and potential prosperity in a land so bleak that life expectancy is just 46 years and a quarter of children die before they reach 5.
Pirates are attracted by Somalia’s lawlessness and its strategic location. The Gulf of Aden is one of the world’s busiest waterways, with 20,000 merchant ships passing through yearly on their way to and from the Suez Canal. Countless fishing boats drop anchor in search of tuna, snapper and barracuda, which are plentiful in Somali waters.
“Years ago, our life depended on fishing, but now we have a lot of money. We have luxury cars, beautiful houses and everything we want in our coastal village,” said Salah Haji Bahdon, who identified himself as a pirate in a phone interview from the community of Eyl in a region where many hijacked ships are anchored while pirates negotiate ransoms.
Bahdon added, “It is like a small paradise where people are oblivious of the problems going on in the other corners of Somalia.”
In 2008, pirates seized 42 vessels off the country’s 1,900-mile coastline, the longest in Africa.
Since January, pirates have staged 66 attacks, and they are still holding 14 ships and 260 crew members as hostages, according to the International Maritime Bureau, a watchdog group based in Kuala Lumpur.
Foreign governments have condemned the seafaring robbers, but Somalis say they are grateful for the growth pirates bring to port towns.
Piracy has improved the economy somewhat around Eyl, in the northern Puntland region. Commerce has increased because the pirates bring cash to spend. The pirates have promised to build new schools and better roads, but they have yet to deliver on those projects.
The AP called villagers in Eyl who had provided reliable information in the past, and they independently verified that Bahdon and two other men were pirates. The villagers also put a reporter in touch with the men.
One of the men insisted his pirate gang was not merely a band of ruffians, but a well-organized, business-minded group that also had philanthropic concerns.
“We have leaders, investors, young people who go to the sea for hunting ships and also negotiators in many areas,” said the man, who identified himself only as Madobe and said he was in his 20s.
He said pirates also have “very reliable support from the people on the ground.” And, he added, the pirates give a share of their ransom money to local elders, militia commanders and politicians to curb any threats.
Last year, pirates made off with up to $80 million in ransom money, said Roger Middleton, a piracy expert at the London-based think-tank Chatham House. Those hauls included payment for a Saudi oil tanker and a Ukrainian ship loaded with military tanks, both of which were later released.
Pirates typically wear fatigues and operate from speedboats equipped with satellite phones and GPS equipment. They are often armed with automatic weapons, anti-tank rockets and various types of grenades.
But the heavy armaments have not spared them from failure.
One attempted attack last year fell short when the pirates’ ladder was not long enough to scale the side of a frigate they were trying to board.
In March, pirates mistook a German military supply ship for a commercial ship and launched an attack. They were chased down and seven pirates were captured by international forces.
There are several known pirate groups in Somalia. One is based in the southern port town of Kismayo, which is controlled by Islamic insurgents.
Another prominent group is based in the northern Puntland region, and their ties to the insurgency are thought to be tenuous.
Middleton said the main relationship between pirates and the insurgency is financial, and they see their hostages as only one thing: a source of cash.
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